Publications on Gas Bearings
MAJOR APPLICATION: Oil-Free
Turbomachinery, Micro-Turbines, Turbo exanders &
blowers, etc
Sponsors:
National Science Foundation (03-06),
Turbomachinery Research Consortium (00-08, 11), USAF-Wright Patterson (04-05),
State of
TOPICS (select below)
updated March 4, 2013
Gas Foil Bearings including metal mesh foil bearings
Gas Bearings (rigid
and tilting pad bearings)
Computational Analyses
Magazine Articles
San Andrés, L., 2004, “Gas bearings
will soon be widely used,” Research makes
a difference, Turbomachinery International, Vol. 45, 3, pp. 35.
METAL MESH FOIL BEARINGS
San
Andrés, L., and Chirathadam, T., 2013,
“Measurements of Rotordynamic Response in a High Temperature Rotor Supported on
Two Metal Mesh Foil Bearings,” ASME GT2013-94321.
San
Andrés, L., and Chirathadam, T., 2013,
“Performance Characteristics of Metal Mesh Foil Bearings: Predictions vs. Measurements,” ASME GT2013-95975.
San
Andrés, L., and Chirathadam, T., 2012, “A Metal Mesh Foil Bearing and a Bump-Type Foil Bearing:
Comparison of Performance for Two Similar Size Gas Bearings,”ASME J.
Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 134 (October), 102501 [ASME paper GT2012-68437.
San
Andrés, L., and Chirathadam, T., 2011, “Metal Mesh Foil Bearings: Effect of Excitation Frequency on
Rotordynamic Force Coefficients,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power,
vol. 133 (Dec), 122503 [ASME Paper
GT2011-45257]
San Andrés, L., and Chirathadam T.A., 2011, “Identification of Rotordynamic
Force Coefficients of a Metal Mesh Foil Bearing Using Impact Load Excitations,”
ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 133 (Nov), 112501 [ASME paper GT2010-22440]
San Andrés, L., Chirathadam,
T., Ryu, K., and Kim, T.H., 2010, “Measurements of
Drag Torque, Lift-Off Journal Speed and Temperature in a Metal Mesh Foil
Bearing,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol.
132(Nov), p.
112503.
San Andrés, L., Chirathadam, T. A., and
Kim, T.H., 2010, “Measurements of Structural Stiffness and Damping Coefficients
in a Metal Mesh Foil Bearing,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol. 132(March), p. 032503 (ASME Paper No. GT2009-59315)
San Andrés, L., and Ryu,
K., 2013, “On the Failure of
a Gas Foil Bearing: High Temperature Operation without Axial Cooling Flow, ASME GT2013-94244
Ryu, K., and San Andrés, L., 2012, ”Effect of Cooling Flow on The Operation of a Hot Rotor-Gas
Foil Bearing System,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 134
(October), 102511 [ASME paper
GT2012-68074]. 2012 Best paper Rotordynamics Paper Award –ASME (IGTI)
De Santiago, O.,
and San Andrés, L., “Parametric Study of Bump Foil Gas Bearings for Industrial
Applications,” ASME GT2011-46767
San Andrés, L.., and Ryu, K.,
2011, “On the Nonlinear Dynamics of Rotor-Foil Bearing Systems: Effects of
Shaft Acceleration, Mass Imbalance and Bearing Mechanical Energy Dissipation,” ASME paper GT2011-45763
San Andrés, L., Ryu, K., and Kim,
T.H., 2011, “Identification of
Structural Stiffness and Energy Dissipation parameters in a 2nd Generation Foil
Bearing; Effect of Shaft Temperature”, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 133
(March) , pp. 032501
San
Andrés, L., Ryu, K., and Kim, T-H, 2011, “Thermal Management and Rotordynamic Performance of
a Hot Rotor-Gas Foil Bearings System.
Part 1: Measurements”, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol.
133 (June), 062501 [ASME paper
GT2010-22981]
San
Andrés, Kim, T-H, and Ryu, K., 2011, “Thermal Management and
Rotordynamic Performance of a Hot Rotor-Gas Foil Bearings System. Part 2: Predictions Versus Test Data,” ASME
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, , vol. 133 (June), 062502 [ASME
paper GT2010-22983]
Howard, S., and San Andrés, L., 2011, “A New Analysis Tool Assessment for Rotordynamic Modeling of Gas Foil Bearings,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 133 (Feb.), 022505 [ASME paper GT2010-22508 (NASA/TM-2010-216354)]
San Andrés, L., and Kim, T.H.,
2010, “Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of Bump Type Gas Foil Bearings: A Model
Anchored to Test Data,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol. 132 (April), p. 042504
(ASME Paper
No. GT2009-59919)
Kim, T. H., and San Andrés, L., 2010,
“Thermohydrodynamic Model Predictions and Performance Measurements
of Bump-Type Foil Bearing for Oil-Free Turboshaft Engines in Rotorcraft
Propulsion Systems,” ASME Journal of Tribology,
Vol. 132(January),
p. 011701 2010 Best Paper Award for ASME Journal of Tribology (2011 IJTC
Conference, LA)
EDUCATION San Andrés, L., Camero, J., Muller, S., Chirathadam,
T., and Ryu,
K., 2010, “Measurements of Drag Torque, Lift
Off Speed, and Structural Parameters in a 1st Generation
Floating Gas Foil Bearing”, Proc. of the 8th IFToMM
International Conference on
Rotordynamics, September 2010, Seoul,
Korea, Paper P-1113
Kim, T.H., L. San Andrés ,
J. Nourse, J.L. Wade, and D. Lubell,
2009, “Modeling of a Gas Foil Bearing for Microturbine Applications: Predictions
versus Experimental Stiffness and Damping Force Coefficients,” World Tribology
Congress 20009,
Kim, T.H., Breedlove, A., and San Andrés, L., 2009, “Characterization of Foil Bearing Structure
at Increasing Temperatures: Static Load and Dynamic Force Performance,” ASME
Journal of Tribology, Vol. 131(3), pp. 041703-(1-9)
San Andrés, L.,
and Kim, T.H., 2009, “Thermohydrodynamic Model Predictions and Performance Measurements
of Bump-type Foil Bearing for Oil-Free Turboshaft Engines in Rotorcraft
Propulsion Systems,” American Helicopter
Society 65th Annual Forum, Grapevine, Texas, May 27-29, 2009
Kim, T.H., and San Andrés, L., 2009, "Effects of a Mechanical
Preload on the Dynamic Force Response of Gas Foil Bearings - Measurements and
Model Predictions," Tribology Transactions, Vol. 52, pp. 569-580
Kim, T. H., and San Andrés, L., 2009, “Effect of Side End Pressurization on the Dynamic
Performance of Gas Foil Bearings – A Model Anchored to Test Data,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,
131(1), pp. 012501. ( ASME Paper GT2008-50571)
2009 Best
PAPER Rotordynamics IGTI Structures and Dynamics Committee
EDUCATION San Andrés, L., Kim, T.H., Ryu, K., Chirathadam, T. A.,
Hagen, K., Martinez, A., Rice, B., Niedbalski, N.,
Hung, W., and Johnson, M., 2009, “Gas Bearing Technology for Oil-Free
Microturbomachinery – Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) Program at
Texas A&M University,” ASME Paper No.
GT2009-59920
Kim, T.H., and L. San
Andrés, 2008, “Effect of Mechanical Preloads on the Dynamic Performance of Gas
Foil Bearings”, Paper IJTC2008-71195, STLE/ASME
International Joint Tribology Conference,
San
Andrés, L., and Kim, T.H., 2009,
“Analysis of Gas Foil Bearings Integrating FE Top Foil Models,” Tribology International, 42(2009), pp. 111-120.
Kim, T.H., San Andrés,
L., and Breedlove, A., 2008,
“Characterization of Foil Bearing Structure for Increasing Shaft Temperatures:
Part II – Dynamic Force Performance,” Paper GT2008-50570
Kim, T.H., Breedlove, A., and San Andrés, L.,
2008, “Characterization of Foil Bearing Structure for Increasing Shaft
Temperatures: Part I – Static Load Performance,” Paper GT2008-50567
Kim, T.H., and L. San
Andrés, 2008, “Heavily Loaded Gas Foil Bearings: a Model Anchored to Test
Data,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 130(1), pp.
012504-1-8. (ASME Paper GT 2005-68486)
San Andrés, L.,
and Kim, T.H., 2008, “Forced Nonlinear Response of
Gas Foil Bearing Supported Rotors,” Tribology International, 41(8), pp. 704-715
San
Andrés, L., and T.H. Kim, 2007,
“Issues on Instability and Force Nonlinearity in Gas Foil Bearing Supported
Rotors,” 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conference & Exhibit,
San Andrés, L.,
and T-H Kim, 2007, “Improvements to the Analysis of Gas
Foil Bearings: Integration of Top Foil 1D and 2D Structural Models,” ASME Paper
No GT2007-27249
San Andrés, L., D. Rubio, and T.H. Kim, 2007, “Rotordynamic Performance of a Rotor Supported on
Bump Type Foil Gas Bearings: Experiments and Predictions,” ASME Journal of
Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 129(3), pp. 850-857 (ASME Paper GT
2006-91238)
Kim, T-H, and L., San Andrés, 2007, “Analysis of Gas
Foil Bearings with Piecewise Linear Elastic Supports.” Tribology International, 40, pp. 1239-1245.
Kim, T.H., and L.
San Andrés, 2005, “Analysis of Gas Foil Bearings with Piecewise Linear Elastic
Supports,” Paper WTC 2005-63397, III World Tribology Conference,
Kim, T.H., and L. San
Andrés, 2006, “Limits for High Speed Operation of Gas Foil Bearings,” ASME
Journal of Tribology, 128, pp.
670-673. [Paper WTC 2005-63398. III World Tribology Conference,
Rubio, D., and L. San
Andrés, 2007, “Structural Stiffness, Dry-Friction Coefficient and Equivalent
Viscous Damping in a Bump-Type Foil Gas Bearing,” ASME Journal of Engineering
for Gas Turbines and Power, 129, pp. 494-502. (ASME
Paper GT 2005-68384) 2005 Best PAPER Rotordynamics IGTI Structures and Dynamics
Committee
Kim, Tae-Ho., and L. San
Andrés, 2005, “Heavily Loaded Gas Foil Bearings: a Model Anchored to Test
Data,” ASME Paper GT 2005-68486
Rubio, D., and L., San
Andrés, 2006, “Bump-Type Foil Bearing Structural Stiffness: Experiments and
Predictions”, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 128, pp. 653-660. (ASME Paper GT 2004-53611).
Petter, C., 2006, “Analysis of
Gas Foil Bearings and Test Data Predictions,” ASME Regional Student Conference, District E – Eastern Area
(2006 Spring Student Conference, April 6-8,
San Andrés, L., 1995,
"Turbulent Flow Foil Bearings for Cryogenic Applications," ASME
Journal of Tribology, Vol. 117, 1, pp. 185-195 (ASME Paper 94-TRIB-33)
GAS BEARINGS – Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad
San Andrés, L., Niu, Y., and Ryu, K, 2010, “Dynamic Response of a Rotor-Hybrid Gas Bearing System Due To
Base Induced Periodic Motions,” ASME paper GT2010-22277
San Andrés, L., and Ryu, K., 2008, “Hybrid Gas Bearings with
Controlled Supply Pressure to Eliminate Rotor Vibrations while Crossing System
Critical Speeds,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.
130(6), pp. 062505-1-10 (ASME Paper
GT2008-50393))
San Andrés, L., and K. Ryu, 2008, “Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad Gas
Bearings: Operation with Worn Clearances and Two Load-Pad Configurations,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas
Turbines and Power, Vol. 130, pp. 042506-1-10 (ASME Paper No GT2007-27127).
Ryu, K., and L. San Andrés,
2006, “Measurements of Rotordynamic Response of a Rotor Supported on Hybrid
Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad Gas Bearings” Paper IJTC 2006-12371, ASME/STLE
International Joint Tribology Conference, San Antonio, TX, October 2006
Zhu, S. and L., San
Andrés, 2007, “Rotordynamic Performance of Flexure Pivot Hydrostatic Gas
Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines
and Power, 129(4), pp. 1020-1027. (ASME Paper GT 2004-53621)
Wilde, D., and L., San
Andrés, 2004, “Experimental Lift Off Characteristics
and the Effect of a Low Friction Coating on the Startup Response of Simple Gas
Hybrid Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” ASME Paper GT 2004-54183
GAS BEARINGS – Rigid Surface
Zhu, X., and L. San
Andrés, 2005, “Experimental Response of a Rotor Supported on Rayleigh Step Gas
Bearings,” ASME Paper GT 2005-68296.
Wilde, D.A., and San
Andrés, L., 2006, “Experimental Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for
Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, 128, pp. 626-633. (ASME Paper No. GT
2003-38833, 2003 BEST Rotordynamics Paper Award –ASME (IGTI))
Wilde, D.A., and San
Andrés, L., 2006, “Comparison of Rotordynamic Analysis Predictions with the
Test Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for Oil Free Turbomachinery,” ASME
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 128, pp. 634-643 (ASME Paper
No. GT2003-38859, 2003 BEST
Rotordynamics Paper Award –ASME (IGTI))
Wilde, D.A., and San
Andrés, L., 2003, “Experimental Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for
Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” ASME Paper GT 2003-38833 (accepted for publication at
ASME Journal of Gas Turbines and Power)
ANALYSIS OF GAS BEARINGS (finite differences and
finite element based)
San Andrés, L., 2006, “Hybrid
Flexure Pivot-Tilting Pad Gas Bearings: Analysis and Experimental Validation,”
ASME Journal of Tribology, 128, pp.
551-558. (Paper IJTC 2006-12026)
San Andrés, L., 2005, HYBRID GAS BEARINGS FOR OIL-FREE TURBOMACHINERY:
Experiments and model validation, 1st International Conference on
Experiments/Process/System Modellng/Simulation/Optimization,
Pan, C., and L. San Andrés, 2005,
“The Narrow Groove Bearing Analysis Revisited,” Paper WTC 2005-63803, III World
Tribology Conference, Washington D.C., September
Delgado, A., L., San
Andrés, and J. Justak, 2004, “Analysis of Performance
and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of Brush Seals with Reverse Rotation
Ability”, ASME Paper GT 2004-53614
San Andrés, L., and D. Wilde, 2001, “Finite Element
Analysis of Gas Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” Revue Européenne des Eléments Finis,
Vol. 10 (6/7), pp. 769-790
Faria,
M., and L. San Andrés, 2000, “On the
Numerical Modeling of High Speed Hydrodynamic Gas Bearings,” ASME Journal of
Tribology, Vol. 122, 1, pp. 124-130 (ASME Paper 99-TRIB-2).
Zirkelback, N., and
L. San Andrés, 1999, "Effect of Frequency Excitation on the Force
Coefficients of Spiral Groove Thrust Bearings and Face Gas Seals,” ASME Journal
of Tribology, Vol. 121, 4, pp. 853-863 (ASME Paper 98-TRIB-12).
Research Progress Reports to NASA
GRC (2007-2009)
(available
to the public – 8 Quarter reports – request for them)
Research Progress Reports to the Turbomachinery Research Consortium
(TRC):
(available
only to the industrial members of the Turbomachinery Research Consortium)
TRC-BC001-12, San Andrés,
L., and Chirathadam, T., “Measurements of Rotordynamic
Response in a High temperature Rotor Supported on 
Two Metal Mesh
Foil Bearings,”
TRC-B&C-01-10, San Andrés, L., and T. Chirathadam, “More on Metal Mesh Foil
Bearings: Effect of Excitation Frequency on Dynamic
Force Coefficients”.
TRC-B&C-1-09, San Andrés, L., and Y. Niu, “Dynamic Response of a Rotor-Air
Bearing System due to Base Induced Periodic Motions”.
TRC-B&C-2-09, San Andrés, L., K. Ryu, and T-H Kim, “Measurements of
Rotordynamic Response in a Hot Rotor Gas Foil Bearing System”.
TRC-B&C-3-09, San Andrés, L., and T. Chirathadam, “Measurement of Bearing
Drag Torque, Lift Off Speed and Identification of structural Stiffness and
Damping in a Metal Mesh Foil Bearing,”.
TRC-B&C-5-08, San Andrés, L., and Kim, T.H., “Measurements of Structural Stiffness and Damping in a
Metal Mesh Bearing and Development of a Test Rig for Foil Gas Bearings”.
TRC-B&C-1-08, San Andrés, L., and K. Ryu, “Dynamic Forced Response of a
Rotor-Hybrid Gas Bearing System due to Intermittent Shocks”.
TRC-B&C-2-08, San Andrés, L., and. T.H. Kim, “Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of Bump Type Gas Foil
Bearings: Model and Predictions”.
TRC-B&C-3-08, San Andrés, L., and. T.H. Kim, “Rotordynamic Measurements on a High Temperature Rotor
Supported on Gas Foil Bearings".
TRC-B&C-1-07, San Andrés, L., and K. Ryu, 2007,“Hybrid Gas
Bearings with Controlled Supply Pressure to Eliminate Rotor Vibrations while
Crossing System Critical Speeds”.
TRC-B&C-2-07, San Andrés, L., and. T.H. Kim, 2007,
“Effect of Side Feed Pressurization on the Performance of Shimmed Foil Gas
Bearings – Part I: Experimental Verification”.
TRC-B&C-3-07, San Andrés, L., and. T.H. Kim, 2007,
“Effect of Side Feed Pressurization on the Performance of Shimmed Foil Gas
Bearings – Part II: Model, Predictions and Comparisons to Rotordynamic
Measurements".
TRC-B&C-1-06, San Andrés, L., and Kim, T-H, 2006, “Computational Analysis of Gas Foil Bearings
Integrating 1D and 2D Finite Element Models for Top Foil”.
TRC-B&C-2-06, San Andrés, L., and Kim, T-H, 2006, “Further Imbalance Response Measurements of
Rotor Supported on Bump-Type Gas Foil Bearings – Operation to 50 krpm”.
TL-B&C-1-06, San Andrés, L., and Ryu,
K., “Test Results for Load-On-Pad
and Load-Between-Pad Hybrid Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad Gas Bearings".
TRC-B&C-1-05, San
Andrés, L., 2005, "Hybrid Tilting Pad Gas Bearings: Analysis &
Experimental Validation".
TRC-SEAL-3-05, Delgado,
A., and L. San Andrés, 2005, " Hybrid
Tilting Pad Gas Bearings: Analysis & Experimental Validation".
TRC-B&C-2-05, Rubio,
D., and L. San Andrés, 2005, " Rotordynamic
Performance of a Rotor Supported on Gas Foil Bearings",
TRC-B&C-2-04, Zhu,
X., and L San Andrés, 2004, “Experimental Response of a Rotor Supported on
Rayleigh Step Gas Bearings”.
TRC-B&C-4-03, San Andrés,
L., and X. Zhu, 2003, “Experimental
Response of a Rotor Supported on Flexure Pivot Hydrostatic Pad Gas Bearings”.
TRC-B&C-5-03, Rubio,
D. and L. San Andrés, 2003, “Bump Type Foil Bearing Structural Stiffness:
Experiments and Predictions”.
TRC-B&C-2-02, Deborah
Wilde, 2002, “Experimental Response of Gas Hybrid Bearings for High Speed
Oil-Free Turbomachinery”.
TRC-RD-1-99, Diaz, S., T. Beets, G. Dunn, and L. San Andrés, 1999, “High Speed
Test Rig for Identification of Gas Journal Bearing Performance: Design,
Constraints and Fabrication"
TRC-Seal-7-98, Zirkelback, N., and L. San Andrés, 1998, “Computational Analysis of Spiral
Groove Thrust Bearings and Face Seals”.
TRC-SEAL-7-97, Zirkelback, N., and L. San Andrés, 1997, “Computational Analysis of
Compressible Fluid Spiral Groove Face Seals”.